![]() The most frequent sternal anomalies were bifid xiphoid process 42.9% (9/21) and sternal foramen 12.9% (11/85).Ĭonclusions: Sternal variations and anomalies are prevalent in the Galloway osteological collection and there is need for increased awareness of these findings as they may determine the accuracy of clinical and other procedures in the thoracic region. Of the 85 specimens examined, only 21 (24.7%) had a xiphoid process. There was no significant difference in the mean size of the sternal angle in males at 163.4 ± 6.7o compared with 165.0 ± 6.4o in females (p = 0.481). Sean Galloway, RPP, MCIP North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Director of Regional Planning and Electoral Area Services at Metro Vancouver Experienced Planning and Design Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the government administration industry. Results: Over 40% (36/85) of the specimens had variations in size, location and fusion of the sternal angle. ![]() Univariate and bivariate analyses were done using SPSS 21.0 for Windows. The study examined 85 adult human sterna at the Department of Anatomy, Makerere University. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical variations of the sternal angle and anomalies of the sternum among adult dry human sterna at the Galloway osteological collection, Makerere University, Uganda. These sternal variations and anomalies are rarely reported among Africans. Sternal foramina may pose a great hazard during sternal puncture, due to inadvertent cardiac or great vessel injury. ![]() It is known that misplaced sternal angles may lead to inaccurate counting of ribs and create challenges with intercostal nerve blocks and needle thoracostomies. Background: Anatomical variations of the sternal angle and anomalies of the sternum are unique happenings of major clinical significance. ![]()
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